Saw on PhillyD Israel ceased the public from owning guns and only provided them to security, police officers & Military and civilian gun crimes practically disappeared. While their Israeli gov't spokesperson blames video games and movies for gun violence they seem to be doing pretty good at handling gun problems.
America would be very different, and would have many more guns but it is somewhat possible if we try.
As long as there is whole communities of people who have their core purpose based around guns, I doubt this will work (NRA for example). It would surely cause great outrage among many people. And like Scott said, our culture is very different and very diverse.
Now this is a typical American assumption since I know very little about Israel but if I'm not mistaken many Israelis are quite religious which could play into some part of the acceptance of a gun ban. Also the United States is waaaay larger than Israel.